European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen has urged the European Union (EU) to increase defense spending significantly. During a speech to the European Parliament, von der Leyen highlighted a stark comparison: Europe spends an average of 1.9% of its GDP on defense, while Russia allocates 9%.
“War is raging at Europe’s borders,” she stated, referring to the ongoing conflict in Ukraine. “We must be prepared for what lies ahead, working closely with NATO.” She emphasized that Europe needs to invest more in its security and strengthen its defense industries.
This call for action comes as von der Leyen begins her second five-year term, leading the EU through critical global and regional challenges.
Narrow Approval of the New European Commission
The European Parliament narrowly approved von der Leyen’s new team of 26 commissioners. The vote, 370 in favor and 282 against, represents one of the slimmest margins in EU history. The approval allows the European Commission to start its term, focusing on urgent issues such as:
- The war in Ukraine
- Economic pressures
- Climate change policies
- Strengthening EU unity
Von der Leyen’s team is notably right-leaning, with 15 members from the center-right European People’s Party (EPP) and two others from nationalist and far-right groups.
Major Challenges for the EU
Von der Leyen faces significant obstacles as she seeks to steer the EU through turbulent times.
1. Security and Defense
The conflict in Ukraine has brought European security into sharp focus. Von der Leyen has proposed an increase in defense spending and more collaboration with NATO. This includes boosting the European defense industry and launching common defense projects to ensure Europe’s readiness for future threats.
- The EU’s low average defense spending leaves it vulnerable.
- Increased investment is necessary for long-term security.
- Collaboration among EU nations will be key to success.
2. Economic Decline Concerns
A recent report by former Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi warned that Europe risks a “slow and agonizing decline” without urgent action. To address this, von der Leyen has announced plans for a “competitiveness compass” to:
- Close the innovation gap with the US and China.
- Boost decarbonization efforts.
- Ensure a secure supply of critical raw materials.
She also promised to lead a strategic dialogue on the future of Europe’s car industry, which faces growing competition from China in electric vehicle production.
3. Climate Crisis and Green Policies
Although von der Leyen reaffirmed her commitment to the European Green Deal, her recent focus has shifted toward defense and economic stability. Critics have pointed out the lack of strong climate measures in her latest address.
During her previous term, the EU scaled back plans to cut pesticide use and protect habitats, raising concerns about its environmental priorities. Going forward, balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability will remain a contentious issue.
Political Divisions and Fragmentation
The approval process for the new European Commission revealed deep divisions within the European Parliament. Political groups, including the Socialists, Liberals, and Greens, were split over von der Leyen’s leadership.
Key Points of Contention:
- Spain’s Deputy Prime Minister Teresa Ribera faced opposition due to partisan disputes over environmental policies.
- Italy’s Raffaele Fitto, a member of the nationalist Brothers of Italy party, drew criticism from left-leaning MEPs.
Despite these challenges, von der Leyen secured enough support, with Green co-leaders ultimately backing her team. Green MEP Philippe Lamberts was even appointed to an advisory role on EU climate targets, signaling potential collaboration.
Strengthening Europe’s Unity
Roberta Metsola, the President of the European Parliament, highlighted the importance of unity. “The center held,” she said, emphasizing that cooperation among political groups is essential for the EU to function effectively.
Metsola warned that future legislation would require flexible alliances but stressed that the central parties must work together to navigate the EU’s complex challenges.
Looking Ahead: A Vision for Europe
Von der Leyen has outlined a bold vision for Europe’s future, emphasizing security, economic resilience, and sustainability. However, her leadership faces scrutiny from both ends of the political spectrum.
To succeed, the EU must:
- Unite behind shared goals, despite political differences.
- Make significant investments in defense and innovation.
- Balance economic priorities with urgent environmental needs.
As von der Leyen begins her second term, the stakes for Europe could not be higher. With a strong focus on increasing EU defense spending and addressing pressing challenges, the coming years will test the resilience and unity of the European Union.
